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Pediatric Vaccine Compliance

Date: February 18, 2011
Source: Admin

Abstract:

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates all vaccines to ensure safety and effectiveness. No federal laws mandating vaccination exist, but all 50 states require certain vaccinations (exemptions allowed) for children entering public schools.

Vaccines have contributed to a significant reduction in many childhood diseases, such as diphtheria, measles, and whooping cough. Other diseases, such as polio and smallpox, have been eliminated in the United States due to effective vaccines.

The Vaccines for Children (VFC) program is a federally funded program that provides vaccines at no cost to children who might not otherwise be vaccinated because of inability to pay. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has a pediatric immunization schedule.

Program for Distribution of Pediatric Vaccines

Sec. 1928. [42 U.S.C. 1396s] (a) Establishment of Program.

· In general.—In order to meet the requirement of section 1902(a)(62), each State shall establish a pediatric vaccine distribution program (which may be administered by the State department of health), consistent with the requirements of this section.

· Delivery of sufficient quantities of pediatric vaccines to immunize federally vaccine-eligible children.

Recommended Immunization Schedule for Persons Aged 0 through 18 Months

Approved by the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Advisory Committee on Immunizations Practices of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the American Academy of Family Physicians

The pediatric vaccination schedule is progressively more complex to implement and demands a well-designed infrastructure. The first 2 years of life is when approximately 80% of immunizations recommended for children are scheduled.

Vaccine Age in months	0	1	2	4	6	12	15	18
Hepatitis B Protects against infection with the Hepatitis B virus.	Yes	Yes		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Rotavirus Prevents gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus infection, the leading cause of severe diarrhea, vomiting, and fever			Yes	Yes	Yes
Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis Protects against the bacterial infections diphtheria, tetanus (Lockjaw), and pertussis (whooping cough).			Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Haemophilus Influenzae type b Protects against Haemophilus influenzae type b disease, which can cause meningitis, pneumonia (lung infection), severe swelling of the throat, and infections of the blood, joints, bones, and covering of the heart.			Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Pneumococcal Protects against serious diseases, such as meningitis, pneumonia, blood stream infections (bacteremia) and sinus and middle ear infections (otitis media)			Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Inactivated Poliovirus Protects against the three types of viruses that cause polio, an illness that can cause paralysis or death.			Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Influenza Protects against this contagious respiratory virus that can cause mild to severe illness.					Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Measles, Mumps, Rubella Protects against measles (respiratory), mumps (fever, etc.), and rubella (skin).						Yes	Yes
Varicella Protects against chickenpox.						Yes	Yes
Hepatitis A Protects against disease caused by Hepatitis A virus infection.						Yes	Yes	Yes

Collaborating agencies

· Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

· Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)

· State Medicaid agencies

· Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)

· Indian Health Services (IHS)

· National, state, and local organizations representing the private healthcare sector

Five main functions for the development of immunization registry systems as per pediatric standards

· To monitor the immunization status of individuals

· To monitor the immunization status of defined populations

· To remind individuals or parents of the need for immunization

· To recall individuals in need of immunization

· To remind practitioners to administer needed immunizations when they see patients who are due or overdue for vaccination

Steps to take when vaccinating a child

Benefits and Risks of Vaccines	· Learn about benefits and risks, and potential consequences of not vaccinating against certain diseases.
Bad reactions	· Inform healthcare provider about child’s or siblings adverse reaction to a vaccine.
Conditions Under Which Your Child Should Not Be Vaccinated	· Being sick · History of allergic or other adverse reactions to previous vaccinations or their components · Weakened or incompetent immune systems
Report adverse reactions	· Adverse reactions · Other problems related to vaccines